The immune system keeps a record of every microbe it has ever defeated, in types of white blood cells (B- and T-lymphocytes) known as memory cells. This means it can recognize and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again before it can multiply and make you feel sick.
Some infections, like the flu and the common cold, have to be fought many times because so many different viruses or strains of the same type of virus can cause illnesses. Catching a cold or flu from one virus does not give you immunity against others.
The immune system is comprised of:
- White Blood Cells
- Antibodies
- Complement System
- Lymphatic System
- Spleen
- Bone Marrow
- Thymus.
White blood cells
White blood cells are the key players in your immune system. They are made in your bone marrow and are part of the lymphatic system.
White blood cells move through blood and tissue throughout your body, looking for foreign invaders (microbes) such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. When they find them, they launch an immune attack.
White blood cells include lymphocytes (such as B-cells, T-cells and natural killer cells), and many other types of immune cells.
Antibodies
Antibodies help the body fight microbes or toxins (poisons) they produce. They do this by recognizing substances called antigens on the surface of the microbe, or in the chemicals they produce (which mark the microbe or toxin as being foreign). The antibodies then mark these antigens for destruction. There are many cells, proteins and chemicals involved in this attack.
Complement system
The complement system is made up of proteins that complement the work done by antibodies.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is a network of delicate tubes throughout the body. It is made up of:
- lymph nodes (also called lymph glands) — which trap microbes
- lymph vessels — tubes that carry lymph, the colorless fluid that bathes your body’s tissues and contains infection-fighting white blood cells
- white blood cells (lymphocytes).
The main role of the lymphatic system are to:
- Manage the fluid levels in the body
- React to bacteria
- Address cancer cells
- Address the cell products that otherwise would result in disease or disorders
- Absorb some of the fats in our diet from the intestine.
Spleen
The spleen is a blood-filtering organ that removes microbes and destroys old or damaged red blood cells. It also makes disease-fighting components of the immune system (including antibodies and lymphocytes).
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is the spongy tissue found inside your bones. It produces the red blood cells our bodies need to carry oxygen, the white blood cells we use to fight infection, and the platelets we need to help our blood clot.
Thymus
The thymus filters and monitors your blood content. It produces the white blood cells called T-lymphocytes.
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